Anti-Oxidant and digestive enzymes inhibitory based anti diabetic activity of crude and fractions of Carum carvi L. extracts.

In the present study crude ethanolic extract and its various fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous) of medicinal plant Carum carvi L. were examined for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using an-in vitro model. Both digestive enzymes were extracted from bovine and green gram. The crude extract and its fractions were also studied for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric oxide activity. The quantitative assessment of phenol and flavonoid contents was also estimated. The crude extract and its fractions exhibited high in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase at different concentrations with IC50 ranging from 421.4±7.8 to 810±5.71and 72±8.81 to 307.0±11.42µg/mL of each extract respectively. The plant showed highest total phenolic contents ranging from 29.5±0.49 to 112.5±0.36mg/g Gallic acid of extract, while the total flavonoid contents were estimated from3.08±0.02-85.4± 0.12mg/g Quercetin. The antioxidant activities of the all extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were in the range of 53.05±1.98 to 211.5±31.06µg/mL. Nitric oxide scavenging ability exhibited their IC50 values from 26.3±5.51 to 121.3±5.32µg/mL. Ethanolic crude extract showed excellent result among all these fractions. GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of Carum carvi L indicated the presence of several phytochemicals such as monoterpenes, unsaturated fatty acids, furan derivatives, phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Some novel piperidine analogues having strong alpha glucosidase inhibition.

The idea of this study is based on the marvelous fact of nojirimycin and deoxy nojirimycin, naturally occurring from piperidine class and having their role as alpha glucosidase inhibitors. In the present work some hydroxyl piperidine analogues have been synthesized and analysed for their hypoglycemic effect through glucosidase inhibition owing to the structural resemblance with nojirimycin. The activity was done by spectral absorbance analysis using acarbose as standard. Two analogues (I & IV) were found to pose excellent activity having 87.4 and 54.7% inhibition respectively, hence strengthening the idea of studying piperidine analogiues as glucosidase inhibitors due to structural similarity with nojirimycin.

Immunomodulatory activity and chemical characterization of fixed oils obtained from different parts of Oxytropis glabra DC.

Oxytropis glabra DC. is a plant with enormous therapeutic vitality. In the present study a comparison of lipophilic profiling of different parts of O. glabra has been carried out by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 32 compounds have been identified from this plant, amongst which 31 have been identified for the first time. These compounds have been further confirmed from their Van den Dool and Kratz (I) Indices. Out of these 32 compounds, 18 have been identified from flower (80.94%), 15 from fruit (85.36%), 11 from leaves (66.35%) and 11 from root (45.96%). The major class of metabolite identified from different parts is fatty acid. Hydrocarbons have also been detected in flower and fruit but not in root and leaves. The extracts were screened for their immunomodulatory activity on whole blood cells. The root oil was found to be moderately active (IC50 32.3 µg/mL). At present only limited data is available on the phytochemical composition of O. glabra.